Education policies of Pakistan

 In this era of science and technology, education is getting more significant place in the society as it is the only way to excel in global context so the planning of education should be updated and relevant to the needs of society, With the better promotion of education, the illiteracy rate and unemployment rate decline. Several reports examine Pakistan's education policy documents, such as five-year plans, reforms, programs, and programmes (Ali, 2017; Ashraf & Hafiza, 2016 Ahsan, 2003). The aims and objectives of educational policies were emphasized on the “character building‟ of the nation-state from the Islamic thoughts and viewpoint. Since Pakistan was established, both civilian and military governments have made efforts for educational policy planning. Several experiments have been undertaken to evaluate strategies, initiatives, projects, and services in order to assess educational outcomes and achievement. 

Since 1st educational conference 1947 to 2021 policies the emphasis was laid on free and compulsory education but Pakistan failed to achieve it yet because of the sincerity of the goal did not produce results, however. The literacy rate has remained constant over the first ten years of the life of the nation. At the same time Pakistan see the diversity in each policy e.g. Education policy 1970 emphasis on science and technology education, in 1972-80 nationalization of private institutions, in 1979 the main focus was on Islamic and spiritual education, Urdu as a medium of instruction, In 1992 Demand oriented curriculum was in focus, in 1998-2010 equal opportunities to higher education. Education Sector Reforms 2003 programme is built upon the long term vision of National Education Policy 1998-2010 and ten year perspective development plan 2001-11. During the 59 years since independence, efforts to increase enrolment and literacy were not rare. All policies were partially implemented due to financial and political constraints.

In the development procedure of quality of education, educational policies are plays a key element role (Schultz, 1961; Psacharopoulos & Woodhull, 1985). In the early 1960s, the World Bank has launched the program for developing countries through building human capital in order to decrease poverty & facilitate in improving the system of health, remove inequality from genders, enhance social equality, maintain peace with political stability through education. The link between education and policies are most of the time is directly connected between schools, colleges & universities

Educational Policies Education policy is at the center of the political agenda of governments. Ongoing global pressures have stressed the importance of education policy in relation to economic growth and social citizenship. Educational policy is made up of the prevailing values and government policies as well as the curriculum laws and regulations that regulate. Thus, policies on schooling will directly influence what people learn when they grow older. Training aids people in improving their potential and recognizing the opportunities and potential they have (Malik, 2015)

National Educational Policies of Pakistan Education was regarded as one of the most significant factors that led to the growth and development of the country, as evident in Congress' hosting of the first education conference in November 1947. The founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, said in his inaugural statement, which is elaborated as: "There is no doubt that the future of our state can and must depend heavily on the kind of education we provide to our children and the manner in which we make them a future people from Pakistan.” Since 1947, numerous education initiatives have been introduced to improve Pakistan's education system, but not a single program has been fully enforced and has not been accomplished; one of the significant factors is that the turbulent political condition of our country, where no single elected government has completed its term of office, has faced the challenges of martial law

Elementary Education in Pakistan  

Elementary education in any system of education occupies the pivotal position. The individual is provided training of the basic knowledge, skills and attitudes. For providing training the needs, problems, facilities and the psychological principals are kept in view for selecting the knowledge, skills and attitudes to be imparted to the students. Primary education should be co-education otherwise according to the local needs. Elementary education at the time of independence was of four years duration. In 1947 in the meeting of All Pakistan conference it was decided to make this duration from four to five years. 

Productivity of Education policies and Five year plans 

Unluckily the planning made for education policies did not become the part of our five year development plans. Periods of education policies and Five-year plan were quite different. Importance of education did not remain the same in different periods and governments. Importance of educational department varied as compared to other department. Rupees specified in budget did not motion to meet, demands and promises. After specification of money it was never fully paid, therefore the targets of educational policies and five-year plans were never achieved

The Pakistan Educational Conference 1947 

Since 1947, various educational programs have been placed in place to develop Pakistan's education system, but not a single program that has been completely adopted and not yet completed, one of the important reasons being that the volatile political situation in our region, where no single elected government has completed its term of office, has faced the challenges of martial law (Government of Pakistan,

Implementations National Education Policy 1970 

The circumstances in that period were not peaceful. In 1971, the country was divided into two, Pakistan and Bangladesh. During this, Government of Yahua Khan was dissolved. all the previous policies, financial crisis created serious obstacles in the implementation of this policy. In 1972, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto came to rule. He rejected this policy and issued a new one so in this way this policy was not implemented

Implementations National Education policy 1972-80 

Most of the suggestions of this policy were political decision and were no based on research. Pak India war of 1971 created a serious financial crisis that was a serious obstacle in the implementation of this policy. In 1977 Zia-ul-Haq dissolved the government. Zia-ul-Haq issued another policy in 1978 and new teachers were recruited during the policy period. Professional subjects were tried to introduce. All the institutions were nationalized and equalization was promoted. Free elementary education for all did not match to the economy of the country. It is our bad luck that we simply announce the educational policy and did not plan to acquire desired results. It also happened with this policy; new schemes were introduced without feeling the economic crisis

Implementation National education policy 1978 

There is no discrimination in schooling for boys and girls. The same facilities should be provided for girls and boys around the country. Equal opportunities for all genders. The environment ensures that student’s opinions, voices, & ideas are valued and respected by their peers & instructor. Developing creative and innovative faculty through in service training. 

Funds are not enough for the implementation of policies. Government accepted the certificates of “Deeni Madaris”. Arabic teachers were appointed. Teaching of Holy Quran was made compulsory. Urdu was tried to adopt as medium instruction at elementary level 

Implementations National education Policy 1992 

1. Computer education was not introduced. 2. Targets of new elementary schools were not achieved. 3. The targets were set for 2002 but Nawaz Sharif Government was dissolved in 1998. Therefore required results were not achieved form this policy.

National Education Policy 1998-2010 

Freedom, democracy and civil rights have become the subject of attention on inequality and interpersonal causes that have diversified into inequity. Gender disparity is related to a lack of economic development. Indeed, there is a rising consensus among economists that women's education and empowerment are instrumental in achieving economic prosperity and addressing poverty.

The 21st century is referred to as the century of information technology so that technical and scientific understanding is expanding at a fast pace. Physical services, such as classrooms, labs, libraries, chairs, and appliances, are best provided in secondary schools.

National Education Policy 2009 

Equalize access to education by offering special services for girls & boys, underprivileged/marginalized communities & disadvantaged children adults alike. Promote the principles of goodwill, equality, and respect for human rights, universal brotherhood, understanding & coexistence. Standardize institutionalize teacher training arrangements, certification procedures & accreditation processes in acquiescence with the National Professional Standards for Teachers. Continuous Professional Development (CPD) programme for both non-formal and formal education teachers at secondary & all levels (NEP, 2009)

National Education Policy 2017-2025 

Ensure dignity and justice in secondary education for all girls. Pursuant to Article 25-A, it is the responsibility of the government to offer free and quality education to higher secondary schools. The government also guarantees equality & fairness in secondary education for all children with an internationally compatible curriculum, trained training tools for teachers and an appraisal framework. For the learning of pupils, instructional materials such as posters, audio-visual aids, maps, teaching kits, educational CDs, etc., have been given to schools and have ensured that they are used successfully to increase the standard of education. Establish a school atmosphere that promotes the physical, emotional and academic growth of children to become productive people able to contribute to society. A child-friendly school atmosphere was welcome for all students to study. Provide the requisite facilities, resources and infrastructure for comprehensive education at all stages of education in both public and private sector educational institutions. Continued career learning is a daily function related to the graduation and advancement of teachers

Single National Curriculum 2020-2021 

All children have a fair & equal opportunity to receive high-quality education & provide equity in education. Respecting the diversity of gender, religion, color, caste, creed & people with special needs in the local and global context. Focus on Values, Life Skills Based and Inclusive Education

Findings: 

1. Political unstable circumstances were the main reasons due to that plans and educational policies failed. 2. It is happened that five year plans and educational policies introduced without considering the economic crisis of the country as after war of 1965 and 1971, there were serious financial crisis in the country. 3. There is a need to change whole system to get maximum benefits. 4. Since independence educational policies and plans were made they were not fully implemented. 5. Govt. announced free education, which did not match the economy of the country. 6. Syllabus of elementary education did not fulfill the demands of Islam and modern world. 7. Time period of educational policies and plans was totally different. 8. Funds allocated in budget were not sufficient to meet the requirements of the plans. 9. After the allocation of expenditure it was not fully paid so that the five year plans and educational policies were not fully implemented. 10. It was promised to provide facilities in the education sector but it was merely a dream. 11. Political pressure on education sector his created a serious problem. 12. It has been observed that character building was not stressed in educational policies and five year plans. 13. Facilities (buildings, furniture, dispensary, equipment’s of sports and other teaching, learning material. Curriculum activities.) For elementary education were not equally distributed in our country. 14. Although women education was stressed but proper arrangements were not made for it. 15. Proper attention was not made seriously to raise literacy rate.

SDG'S and Pakistan

 Pakistan ranked 129 out of 165 country in a recent sustainable development goals SDG'S  index ranking the country saw moderate improvement in the goals for poverty health and well being water and sanitation decent work, peace and Justice partnerships but it stagnated on zero hunger quality education gender in equality Clean Energy innovation sustainable cities and community the UN in Pakistan has been Supporting Pakistan in various except of its endeavor to realise SDG'S  UN is contributing in technology and policies in Pakistan to achieve SDG'S  the Pakistan and UN in Pakistan signed the UN sustainable development Framework also known as one unit one Nation program Pakistan is affirmed it's commitment to the 2030 agenda for sustainable development by adopting SDG'S  as its own National development agenda through  national assembly resolution 2016 in Pakistan SDG'S  support unit have been established at federal and provisional level with planning institutions to guide SDG'S  implementation and monitoring progress. in 2018 the government designed and approved our national SDG'S  Framework that envisages our national vision to priorities and localise SDG'S  localised provincial SDG frame works are being formulated the focus of the government is on main streaming SDG'S  in Planning process ensuring through monitoring and reporting on SDG'S  insurance public financial allocation are aligned to SDG'S  and  alternate financing modalities are being explored and  to benefit from use of technology to accelerate progress towards SDG'S 

In global gender gap index Pakistan was ranked 153 in 2021 in Human Development Index Pakistan rank 154th in 2021 the 38% of Pakistan population living with multi dimensional poverty Pakistan has an estimate population of over 220 million in 2021 and growth rate of 1.95percent per year adding 5.28 million people per year to it is population it is projected to surpass indonesians in size around the year 2048

In education sector the quality of education and employability of school graduate is very low and the growing young population as little to no access to quality schooling, the literacy rate remain abysmal at 59% specially female literacy. Pakistan is also facing an Energy Crisis this is not a recent issue both domestic and industry users have suffered power shortage and blackout for years. in 2012, in Faisalabad the textile industry hub 68 unit went into closure resulting in 1 million unemployed labour and a loss of  billions annually between 2010 and 2013 hurting the sector that contribute 9.8% of total GDP at accounts for 39% of total employment Pakistan also has one of the highest rate of urbanization in South Asia urban area have expanded immensely between 1995 and 2015 the various Urban Sector convert 3016 hectares of agriculture land annually for urban use in Metropolitan Lahore and if this rate does not slow by 2030 all agriculture land at the fringes of cities will be urbanized beyond this challenges Pakistan has major water shortage it is rank 14th out of 150 countries at high raise of water crisis it is noted that 17 million people in Pakistan lack access to clean water at home and 70 million lack access to a decent toilet

despite growth in income inflation remain above 6% rising the cost of staples and even in the face of high unemployment rate of 16% amount the educated middle class in 2018 to 2019 and increase wealth inequality the world food program say that 21% of Pakistan population is malnourished 44% of children under 5 year old have stunted growth and 37% of population faces food in security despite Pakistan being a major producer of wheat and rice

The sustainable development report 2021 has released and hotly debate among policy circles Pakistan with an overall index score in 2021 of 57.7 means that the country is on average 57.7% on the way to the best possible outcomes across the 17 SDG'S  this score is 1.5% higher than the country score in 2020 Pakistan is categorised in the east and South Asia region that comprises 21 countries including China and Singapore pushing the regional score upward compare 220 Pakistan performance has increased by 3% in the region.despite the covid-19 Global push back Pakistan SDG Global rank is 129 in 2021 improved by 5 ranks 134 in 2020 compare to its neighbours Bangladesh ranks stayed at 109 during 2020 and 2021 India rank decline by 3 from 117 to 120 between 2020 and 2021

population with access to clean fuel and Technology for cooking SDG indicators 7.1.2 has been reported 43.3% in 2016 according to latest National data source the population with the access to clean fuel and Technology for cooking increase by 5.7%  2015– 2019 and stand at 47% in 2019 – 2020 according to the Pakistan Bureau of statics covid-19 specified survey (2020) 27.31 million working population was affected related to SDG 1no poverty and SDG2 no hunger and SDG 8 on decent work and economic growth 20.6 million people could not work during the first wave of pendemic. in 2020 6.7 million peoples income was declined 74% of the informal workers were affected the government came up with an 1.24 trillion stimulus package to boost over all economic situation as specially in the bid to reduce the impact of covid-19 on  poverty SDG1 hunger SDG 2 health SDG 3 and SDG 8 on decent work and economic growth

Pakistan like other developing countries faces huge fiscal challenges to meet SDG'S  this has been also acknowledge in the sustainability report 2021 according to an International Monetary Fund study 2021 on the costing of SDG'S  related to education health and physical capital electricity road  water and sanitation additional annual spending of about 60% of GDP will be required until 2030 from the public and private sector combined to help these SDG'S  

NPM

Public sector reform can defined in many ways but common element in defination of public sector reform are

• Deliberate planned change to public bureaucracies
• It's synonyms with innovation
• Improvement In public services efficiency and effectiveness are the intended outcome of the reform process 
• The urgency of reform is justified by the need to cope with the uncertainties and rapid changes taking place in the organizational environment

The public sector reform knows under the rubric of NPM were deliberate changes set in motion by newly elected neo conservation gov that were determined to change the public bureaucracy and remove what they saw as obstacles to efficient service delivery

NPM was first introduced by the Thatcher government in Britain but also in the United States and countries like Australia and new Zealand

NPM principle were also applied in many third world countries as a condition for loan set by the international financial institution many different type of reform measures have been group under the label of NPM

The transfer of private sector management principle to the public sector 

Introducing private sector management into the public sector has been referred to as the managerialism its stresses hand on professional management explicit standard and measures of performers managing by results and value for money it is offered referred to as the three Es of economy efficiency and effective. the focus on results reflect the criticism above that there was too much slack or waste in public sector instead of allocating money to the Agencies without consulting the actual services provided budgets where to be created on the basis of output for example the most student that graduate the more money to the school this is also called output budgeting another issue here is performance pay, public employees should be promoted and remunerated according to their performance rather than according to the number of year in office critical voice have argued that it is impossible to measure performance in public sector but the principle of performance Pay and output budgeting have sneaked into many Reform programs

Private sector management principle all so found their way into the Reform agenda of many third world government mainly because these principal had been adopted by economist in international financial institution such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund

Privatization

Privatisation simply mean the selling or transfer of public sector enterprises to private ownership the underlining philosophy is that the privile sector can take care of many functions more efficiently than the state so privatisation aims at increasing efficiency reducing cost to consumer and reducing public sector expenditure Britain thatcher government was the four univer introducing for reaching privateisation program that result it in the privatization of nationally all amines the Postal Services the National Railway and other large on organisation

Another Miller version of privatization is the system of contracting out this means that the state remains the buyer of the services but the services itself is undertaken by a Private agency the state as purchaser the private sector as provider example of function that could be released aur contracted out to the Pravesh sector are garbage collection cleaning in Public School Universities and hospital and water supply scheme the more radical country such as the United Kingdom have contracted out services that that have traditionally been considered as the core of states such as prison services and security

Third world government also undertook privatisation which was often posited as a condition for acquiring loans from the IMF and the World Bank public sector enterprises in developing countries had open served as a way to provide patronage person whose political loyalty was important for appointed by the president as as a director of the Enterprise rather than person who were the best qualified through privatisation this means of patronage were removed between 1988 and 1993 for example over 2700 public enterprises in more than 60 developing countries what transfer to private ownership the poster communist country also launched comprehensive privateisation programs

Agnification

Agency vacation refer to the establishment of semi autonomous Agencies possible for operational management the keyn ocean is distance from the central department so there is freedom of manage this is Principal dried from the traditional modern idea of separating politics and session the logic is dead by operating these from political pressure it can be run more efficiently agnification mean that implementation become more distinct from policy making because the agency explicit t guidelines are to implement policy already decided by government

Competition

Another element in the new public and management is time exercising competition as an instrument to enhance efficiency introducing competition can be done through permittization were the state Monopoly is dismantle but it can also be done throw the introducing of quasi markets into the public sector 5 temple in health were citizen are allowed to shop for the best provided by the choosing prely among hospital and Prakriti nurse this can be done by supplying people with voucher that they can use whether they please for example in debate about racial integration of American school the introduction of school voucher have been suggest so that parents can choose where to spend education money the school allow them much greater choice then in current system where force Beijing of children in name of decoration have been much criticize

PEF regional office Rwp, visit

On 22 April 2022 the student of bs 6 PA&G numl GPP DEPT visit the regional office of Punjab Education Foundation location Sir Syed Ave, Phase 5 Gulrez Housing Scheme, Rawalpindi, Punjab the team had a good fruitful meeting and interactive discussion with director regional office Naveed Akhtar

The following were the objective of meeting with director regional office;

To discuss the background Punjab Education Foundation

To discuss the mission and vision of Punjab Education Foundation and the step taken to achieve those missions and vision

To discuss the functions of Punjab Education Foundation

To discuss the kind of schools of Punjab Education Foundation are working

To discuss how teacher were train under continuous profession and development program

To compare the PEF with other education institute

To discuss reports and performance of Punjab Education Foundation

To discuss the management of Punjab Education Foundation

To discuss the public private partnership importance for the development of Pakistan 

To discuss the Punjab Education Foundation monitoring and evolution system

To discuss the budget and finance model of PEF

To discuss the future initiative of Punjab Education Foundation

Outcomes of meeting

The Punjab Education Foundation used to provide loan to NGOs to sustain education the Punjab Education Foundation was established in 1991 through an act of provincial assembly of Punjab in 2004 Punjab Education Foundation was restructure the main purpose was to provide education in urban slum remote area and area where there are no school and school under performance. Pakistan has the second largest population of out of school children in world this population make up of 22.8 million children being out of school in Pakistan who are between 5 and 16 this also mean that 44% of population of Pakistan in this group is out of school around 2.6 million student get free and quality education under punjab education foundation. Providing the free education from Punjab Education Foundation is the financial support to the parents and it motivate them to send their children to school for the education it is very beneficial and helpful for the labour class in Pakistan. the Punjab Education Foundation have 7468 partner School, for the collaboration with Punjab Education Foundation the partner school have to show 75% result. on discussion with director regional office he told that the school having partnership with Punjab Education Foundation the student are studying free of cost and not pay their fees for education and they were also provided by free text books if Rule were broken by any of partner school or  take money from students in any way they will be fine 50% of their allocated budget and on next charge the PEF will cancel the membership of particular School the Punjab Education Foundation use sis student information system for verified endowment the student of different schools public and private running with the partnership of Punjab Education Foundation their data is available on sis and updated time by time no fake induction of student is possible the data of student and parents were also check from Nada integrated system the director regional office sad that the finance and budget of Punjab Education is from the people and it is for the people the Punjab Education Foundation is very conscious on the spending of money and take all measures while spending the money and the team of Punjab Education time but time inspect and monitor the departments and partner School to check the proper use of budget to reduce the corrupt practices and corruption on asking from director regional office Naveed Akhtar that why Punjab Education Foundation is a successful institution in Pakistan on the reply of this question he said that the only reason for the success of Punjab Education is monitoring and evolution system there is no compensate on breaking of rules and regulation of Punjab Education Foundation Strictly rules were followed the Punjab Education Foundation keep the eye on the partners Schools and also inspect and monitor twice in a year

Remarks and conclusion 

Education is the building block of a country to meet modern day challenging beside developing the youth as future leader in the 21st century when change is the only constant provision of quality education to every children become all the more important to create knowledge base society to promote innovation is the cornerstone of the development the role of Punjab Education Foundation in complimenting education department efforts to bring each children in a school is commendable Punjab Education Foundation board and its management deserve appreciation for success for steering this mega PPP venture, meant to deliver a public good guaranteed in the constitution wish that the provisional government will continue the support Punjab Education in its endeavors to deliver quality education all across the province particular to under served community of far flung and less developed areas

BS 6 PA&G DEPT GPP 

Group members 

Malik zeewaqar ahmed 

Hasan raza khan

Sajid bishal

Madiha zaman

The Real Evil

syeda mahnoor ali (bs-6th)  

Karachi being the biggest city of Pakistan is over populated. The population of “the city of lights” was about 14.91 million in 2017. Pakistan being a developing country, has a better urban system than rural. Explaining the reason why most of the rural population comes to urban cities to find employment and better social facilities to attain better standards of living. Many of the institutions of society are lacking in rural areas of Pakistan such as educational, medicinal, employment and recreational etc. The population growth is affecting the city of Karachi more than any part of Pakistan.  However, there are many other factors affecting population growth other than migration from rural to urban.  High birth rate and low death rate play an important role in population growth as well, ultimately affecting the economy of Pakistan. The excessive amount of resources in accordance with the population is what makes a country developed, stable and advanced however Pakistan has a way larger population than its resources.

We have seen many contradictions in society about population and economy/resources over time. Let’s take china for example Chinese leader Mao Xi Dong quotes that “it’s the people not the things that are decisive”. Mao believed that if each and every person works hard and roots out selfishness from his heart to work for his country then the economy will improve itself.

One the other hand we see that china itself implemented a one child policy which resulted in preventing 400 million births and a drastic increase in economy. So we come to a conclusion that over population or population expansion is an enormous issue all over the world and not only in Pakistan.

 If Pakistan wants to improve its economy and enter the privilege of being a developed and powerful country, it will have to control its population. There are many ways by which population can be controlled, the best way is education. not only in Pakistan but in all the third world countries, we come across this disturbing fact that the rich and affluent have lesser amount of children than the poor and lacking.

The condition of Karachi is being destroyed due to over population. All sorts of evils and crimes are being committed due to anonymity and the standard of living of people is declining day by day. If the situation stays the same or worsens, it is not far away when the poor will rage a war against the rich.

Webinar: Need of Career counseling in Pakistani Education system

"Find out what you like doing best, and get someone to pay you for doing it"

A webinar session in the context of Public sector reforms and social change supervised by Dr. Athar Rashid was organised by a group of students of Governance and Public Policy Department on the topic "NEED OF CAREER COUNSELING IN PAKISTANI EDUCATION SYSTEM" on 27th April 2022.The session was presided over by respected Mr. GULFAM AKRAM. He's a civil engineer form UET, Post graduate in Public administration, Working as Sub-divisional officer (BPS-17) at Govt.of Punjab, Communication &Work department and a well known entrepreneur and a philanthropist.

The webinar was organized with the objective to spread the awareness on importance of choosing the right career path in Pakistani education system. Stream selection is an important milestone in the career planning stage and different parameters are crucial to evaluate before choosing the respective stream. Career options available for each stream were discussed in discussion.

The speaker informed about the importance of career counseling and the challenges that are faced while deciding the career in Pakistan. Considerations such as parent’s preferences, economic resources, peer pressure and career trend were also discussed. Now a days in Pakistan the talented youth is facing frustration and numerous challenges with respect to unemployment and uncertainty. Situation is moving on that there is nothing to see as right person for right job. Employment is very much difficult in the country like Pakistan, where unemployment is strengthening its foundation and will continue to get even worse so it is very crucial to opt for the career which is to grow further and which has the flexibility to get it bigger.The key purpose of career counseling is to help out students for choosing a field that is in tune with their skills and their job expectations. Thus, with the help of career counseling, most candidates choose the right career, and perform their level best, which ultimately helps them to succeed. 

Speaker addressed that in Pakistan, career counseling is very important as this soil has a abundance of talent and starting it from grass root level, is an ultimate need. The need of career counseling in educational setting can be promoted through conducted various seminars, workshops catering both parents and students and counseling departments should be encouraged in every institute so that students should clearly define the paths they wanted to be in and a properly guided individual can flourish more than an individual with an unclear mind.

To conclude, We can say that the crux of career counseling in Pakistan is to provide the necessary guidance that would help the student in making the right choice regarding their career.In this situation, seeking the help of an experienced and qualified career counselor become necessary. He /she can assist you in discovering your potential and aptitude accordingly in order to suggest the right course.People have begun to realize the fact that not all can become engineers or doctors and started exploring other fields depending on their talent and interest in alternate domains.

This session was proved very beneficial for the attendees. It was a very enlightening experience for the students and the webinar ended on a successful note.

Organizers: 

Ayesha Abbasi (Host), Arbaz Khan, Bilal Akram , Barkha Khan

GPP Department

Numl Islamabad

 

Purpose of Education for any Nation || Education Sector of Pakistan

 This Blog is Covering the following topics

Why New Policies are  Made Time to Time in Pakistan

Role Of Education in Developing Countries

Definition Of Education Planning

Definition Of Education Policy 

Why it is Important for Pakistan to have an Effective Education Policy

Education System in Pakistan

Education System and MDGS Goals

 

If We discuss about the education policy of Pakistan from the day of independence 1947  Pakistan cant able to make a sustainable education policy  after some years the education policy changes so if there was not a sustainable education policy then how can we believe that there will be progress in education sector. Tell 1970 we don’t have any concrete education policy

·         1970 = First Education policy

·         1972 = Second  Education policy

·         1979 = Third Education policy

·         1992 = Fourth Education policy

·         1998 = Fifth Education policy

·         2010 = Sixth Education policy

·         2011 = Seventh Education policy

·         2021 = Eighth Education Policy

This is the long history of Pakistan Education policy and its still going so the biggest reason of these ups and downs is political instability and economic instability  but some other issues are as below,

1)      Lack of Proper Planning

2)      Social constraints 

3)      Gender gap

4)      Cost of education

5)      War on Terror

6)      Funds for Education

7)      Technical Education

The education and development go hand in hand. The Role of education in developing countries is a very important  and its importance increases in country like Pakistan. One as lack of education causes poverty and slow economic development of a country especially if the country is a developing country. Education is very important for everyone it’s a primary need of any individual, every girl or boy child should have the right to quality education so that they can have better chances in life, including employment opportunities, and better health.

The role of education in poverty reduction is huge. Some advantages of education are

·        It boosts economic growth

·        Increases the GDP of a country.  

·        Reduces infant mortality rate, 

·        Increases human life expectancy. 

Education is an important investment in a country as there are huge benefits. Education guarantees lifetime income; it promotes peace and reduces drop-out rates from schools and colleges and encourages healthy competition. Many children dropout form colleges as they are not aware of the advantages of college education. Education helps in making the right decisions at the time of conflicts.

Definition of Education Planning

Educational planning is Defined as  it is the application of rational, systematic analysis to the process of educational development with the aim of making education more effective and efficient in responding to the needs and goals of its students and society.

Definition of Education Policy

Every country has their own education policy according to their country issues. If we try to define the education policy it  consists of the principles and government policies in the educational sphere as well as the collection of laws and rules that govern the operation of education systems. Education occurs in many forms for many purposes through many institutions. Some Examples include early childhood education, kindergarten through to 12th grade, two and four year colleges or universities, graduate and professional education, adult education and job training. Therefore, education policy can directly affect the education people engage in at all ages. Examples of areas subject to debate in education policy, specifically from the field of schools, include school size, class size, school choice, school privatization, tracking, teacher selection, education and certification, teacher pay, teaching methods, curricular content, graduation requirements, school infrastructure investment, and the values that schools are expected to uphold and model. Issues in education policy also address problems within higher education. 

Why it is important for Pakistan to have an effective education policy

There is a serious need of education policy because The education system of Pakistan is comprised of

·    260,903 institutions and is facilitating 41,018,384 students with the help of 1,535,461 teachers.

·        180,846 public institutions

·        80,057 private institutions.

And  31% educational institutes are run by private sector while 69% are public institutes. 

That’s why we need a concrete and permanent education policy which will define our students and youth future direction.

Education system in Pakistan

The education sector not have been any attention of any of the government of Pakistan after independence 1947 tell 1970 we don’t have any concrete education policy which can define our course of action in education sector which is very important for the progress of Pakistan unfortunately the political and military leaders were interested in political gain and power gain so due to which our education sector lake behind but now due to international campaigns about education Pakistan is try to made little improvement in education sector not much but little changes are been made from last decades.

Pakistan has expressed its commitment to promote education and literacy in the country by education policies at domestic level and getting involved into international commitments on education. In this regard national education policies are the visions which suggest strategies to increase literacy rate, capacity building, and enhance facilities in the schools and educational institutes. MDGs and EFA programmes are global commitments of Pakistan for the promotion of literacy. A review of the education system of Pakistan suggests that there has been little change in Pakistan’s schools since 2010, when the 18th Amendment enshrined education as a fundamental human right in the constitution.

·        Problems of access,

·        Quality,

·        Infrastructure,

·        Inequality of opportunity.

Education policy in Pakistan and SDGS / MDGS  

   MDGs and Pakistan

Due to the problems in education system of Pakistan, the country is lagging behind in achieving its MDGs of education. The MDGs have laid down two goals for education sector:

Goal 2 Universal Primary Education

The goal 2 of MDGs is to achieve Universal Primary Education (UPE), children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling. The enrolment statistics show an increase in the enrolment of students of the age of 3-16 year while dropout rate decreased. But the need for increasing enrolment of students remains high to achieve MDGs target. Punjab is leading province wise in net primary enrolment rate with 62% enrolment. The enrolment rate in Sindh province is 52%, in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (KPK) 54% and primary enrolment rate in Balochistan is 45%.

 

Goal 3 Promoting Gender Equality and Women Empowerment

 The goal 3 of MDGs is Promoting Gender Equality and Women Empowerment. It is aimed at eliminating gender disparity in primary and secondary education by 2005 and in all levels of education . There is a stark disparity between male and female literacy rates. The national literacy rate of male was 71% while that of female was 48% . Provinces reported the same gender disparity. Punjab literacy rate in male was 71% and for females it was 54%. In Sindh literacy rate in male was 72% and female 47%, in KPK male 70% and females 35%, while in Balochistan male 62% and female 23%

 

Pakistan’s ranking on Human Development Index (HDI)

 Pakistan’s ranking on Human Development Index (HDI) fell two notches and stood at 154th position in accordance with the 2020 report out of total 189 countries.

 

 

Suggestions  or Recommendations

·        Balanced approach for formal and informal education be adopted.

·        Government must take action against ghost schools

·        Implement single national curriculum in all provinces

·         Increases numbers of Vocational and technical training institutes

·        There is a need for implementation of national education policy and vision 2030 education goals.

·        Public private partnership is also future need

 

 

Thanks for reading

Written by = Yasir Hassan || G&pp || Bs 6^th